|
Jarvis U.S. General Hospital was a military hospital founded in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1861, at the beginning of the American Civil War, for the care of wounded Federal soldiers. The hospital was built on the grounds of Maryland Square, the former residence of the Steuart family, which had been confiscated by the Federal government at the outbreak of war.〔(Lossing, Benson John, p.605, ''Pictorial History of the Civil War in the United States of America, Volume 3'' ) Retrieved Feb 6 2010〕 The hospital closed at the end of the war. ==History== Although Maryland was a slave state, she remained in the Union during the Civil War. However, many Marylanders were sympathetic to the Confederacy, including the Steuart family of Baltimore, who were planters and slave owners along the Chesapeake Bay. On April 16, 1861 Brigadier General George H. Steuart (1828–1903), then a captain in the US Army, resigned his commission, left Maryland and joined the Confederacy.〔(Cullum, George Washington, p.226, Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U.S. Military ) Retrieved Jan 16 2010〕 His father, Major General George H. Steuart (1790–1867), did the same, though he was by then considered too old for active service.〔(archive of the Maryland Historical Society ) Retrieved Jan 13 2010〕 As a consequence of these actions, the family home at Maryland Square, on the Western outskirts of Baltimore, was confiscated by the US government. In February 1862 a Massachusetts soldier described the property (by then known as "Camp Andrew", after Massachusetts Governor John Andrew): :"We are nicely quartered on a high hill situated on the west of Baltimore formerly owned by Gen. Stewart () now of the Rebel Army and the property is now confiscated. There are about 36 acres in the field and a house and out buildings and it must have been a very nice place before the troops went in there."〔Mitchell, p.166〕 On May 25, 1862 the property was taken into the control of the medical director of the US Army, with the former Steuart mansion serving as the main administration building for the hospital.〔Rice, p.256〕 The hospital, which had a capacity of 1,500 beds, was built on relatively high ground, which at the time was on the edge of the city of Baltimore, and, according to one contemporary writer, benefited from "a salubrious air".〔 It was named in memory of surgeon N. S. Jarvis, of the US Army, who died while medical director of the Middle Department.〔( Kynett, Harold, Havelock et al., p.143, ''Medical and Surgical Reporter, Volume 10''. ) Retrieved Feb 18 2010〕 In April 1864, Lt. Col. DeWitt Clinton Peters, Assistant Surgeon in charge at Jarvis Hospital, received a number of prisoners recently released from the Confederate Prisoner of War camp at Belle Isle, Virginia. He described the "great majority" of the patients as being: :"in a semi-state of nudity...laboring under such diseases as chronic diarrhoea, phthisis pulmonalis, scurvy, frost bites, general debility, caused by starvation, neglect and exposure. Many of them had partially lost their reason, forgetting even the date of their capture, and everything connected with their antecedent history. They resemble, in many respect, patients laboring under cretinism. They were filthy in the extreme, covered in vermin...nearly all were extremely emaciated; so much so that they had to be cared for even like infants."〔(United States Sanitary Commission, p.179, ''Narrative of Privations and Sufferings of United States Officers'' ) Retrieved Feb 6 2010〕 According to Surgeon General Joseph K Barnes, Union hospitals treated over a million patients during the course of the war, suffering a mortality rate of 8%.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jarvis Hospital」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|